Today, a huge part of the world's population interacts with computers on a regular basis, some are obliged to work, some look for information on the Internet, and some simply spend time playing games. Everyone has their own needs, which means the computer must meet them. And if we are talking about “hardware” (the technical component of a computer), then everything is more or less clear: the newer, the better. But the “software” part requires special attention.
Each computer runs a specific operating system, of which there are a great many, each of which is suitable for certain tasks, available equipment, and so on. Therefore, an important factor is the choice of this operating system.
There is a fairly massive list of operating systems, but this article will focus on three pillars that have greatly influenced the industry and occupy the largest share among all operating systems: Windows, MacOS and Linux.
To begin with, it’s worth clarifying that there are proprietary operating systems, those that are distributed under a manufacturer’s license. These include Windows, the list of which is given below, and MacOS. Despite the fact that both systems can be downloaded on the Internet (stolen), the correct thing to do is to purchase a license from the distribution company and activate it.
The advantage of such systems is their development, a huge amount of high-quality software and competent technical support that will help in case of problems.
These include almost the entire Linux family, with the exception of some developments with accounting or other professional software. These OSes can be downloaded absolutely free and installed on any computer without a twinge of conscience.
Such systems are created by independent developers together with the community, so in most cases the quality of the programs leaves much to be desired, but such systems are much more secure and work more stable than their proprietary competitors.
Absolutely everyone who has ever dealt with a computer knows about this Microsoft product. In particular, this concerns the super-successful release of Windows 7. The list of Microsoft operating systems goes back a dozen generations. They are extremely popular all over the world and occupy almost 90% of the market. Which speaks to unprecedented leadership.
The list intentionally starts with Windows XP, as it is the oldest version still in use today.
An underdeveloped product from Google, which is limited only to web applications and the browser of the same name. This system is not competitive with Windows and Mac, but is made with an eye to the future when web interfaces can replace “real” software. Installed by default on all Chromebooks.
Since each platform has its own pros and cons, it often becomes necessary to work with several at once. Computer developers know this, so they offer users the opportunity to install two or three systems on a disk at once.
This is done simply. All you need is a system distribution kit (a disk or flash drive with installation material loaded on it) and free space on your hard drive. All modern operating systems offer to allocate space during installation and create a boot mechanism that will show a list of operating systems when the computer boots. Everything is done semi-automatically and can be done by any user.
Apple computers have a special utility - BootCamp, which is designed for simple and seamless installation of Windows next to MacOS.
There is another way - installing a virtual system inside a real one. For this purpose, the following programs are used: VmWare and VirtualBox, which are capable of emulating the operation of a full-fledged computer and launching operating systems.
The list of operating systems for a computer is not limited to the above. There are a lot of products from different companies, but they are all quite specific and do not deserve the attention of the average user. The choice is worth making between Windows, MacOS and Linux, as they can cover most of the needs and are quite easy to learn.
Operating systems: purpose and main functions
Operating System Concept
Operating system (OS) is a set of programs that ensure the interaction of all hardware and software parts of the computer with each other and the interaction between the user and the computer.
The OS ensures the holistic functioning of all computer components and also provides the user with access to the computer’s hardware capabilities. The operating system is a basic and necessary component of computer software; without it, a computer cannot operate in principle.
OS composition
The OS structure consists of the following modules:
base module (OS kernel)- manages the operation of programs and the file system, provides access to it and exchange of files between peripheral devices;
T.e. translates commands from a program language into a “machine code” language that a computer can understand
command processor- deciphers and executes user commands received primarily through the keyboard;
T.e. asks the user for commands and executes them. The user can give, for example, a command to perform some operation on files (copying, deleting, renaming), a command to print a document, etc.
peripheral drivers- software ensures consistency between the operation of these devices and the processor (each peripheral device processes information differently and at a different pace);
T.e. special programs that provide control of the operation of devices and coordination of information exchange with other devices. Each device has its own driver.
additional service programs(utilities) - make the process of communication between the user and the computer convenient and versatile
those. Such programs allow you to maintain disks, perform operations with files, work in computer networks, etc.
The OS is designed to solve the following tasks:
computer hardware maintenance;
creating a working environment and user interface;
execution of user commands and program instructions;
organization of input/output, information storage and
file and data management.
According to the definition, all tasks solved by the OS can be divided into two groups:
providing the user or programmer, instead of real computer hardware, with an extended virtual (i.e., not really existing) machine, which is more convenient to work with and easier to program;
increasing the efficiency of using a computer by rationally managing its resources in accordance with some criterion.
Operating System Features
Main functions:
Performing, at the request of programs, those fairly elementary (low-level) actions that are common to most programs and are often found in almost all programs (data input and output, starting and stopping other programs, allocating and freeing additional memory, etc.).
Standardized access to peripheral devices (input/output devices).
RAM management (distribution between processes, organization of virtual memory).
Controlling access to data on non-volatile media (such as a hard drive, optical disks, etc.), organized in a particular file system.
Providing a user interface.
Network operations, support for the network protocol stack.
Parallel or pseudo-parallel execution of tasks (multitasking).
Efficient distribution of computing system resources between processes.
Differentiation of access of different processes to resources.
The organization of reliable computing (the inability of one computing process to intentionally or mistakenly influence calculations in another process) is based on the delimitation of access to resources.
Interaction between processes: data exchange, mutual synchronization.
Protecting the system itself, as well as user data and programs, from actions of users (malicious or unknowing) or applications.
Multi-user mode of operation and differentiation of access rights.
The predecessor of the OS should be considered utility programs (bootloaders and monitors), as well as libraries of frequently used routines, which began to be developed with the advent of universal computers 1st generation(late 1940s). Utilities minimized the operator's physical manipulation of the equipment, and libraries made it possible to avoid repeated programming of the same actions (carrying out I/O operations, calculating mathematical functions, etc.).
In the 1950s and 60s, the main ideas that determined the functionality of the OS were formed and implemented: batch mode, time sharing and multitasking, separation of powers, real time, file structures and file systems.
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We present to your attention a selection of the 10 best operating systems that are perfect for both everyday work and for finding new features for your PC.
Despite the widespread use of different versions of Windows, every year more and more users begin to look for new interesting operating systems.
Installing a new system on your computer allows you to work with programs that do not run on Windows. Some users prefer to use other operating systems to ensure the security of their data. Also, simple and lightweight OS options significantly speed up the operation of old laptops and help get rid of the problem of constant overheating and slowdowns.
Despite the fact that in this rating we abstract from the huge number of versions of the well-known Windows, we cannot help but highlight one of the most successful and fastest versions – Windows 10. Don’t be surprised that we put Windows in 10th place. Yes, it is the most popular, but precisely because of this, it is one of the most hackable and not always safe. And it also costs money, unless, of course, you downloaded its distribution from pirated sites.
The system is very simple to use and will appeal to both fans of the metro interface and those who are accustomed to the regular Start menu. The official build has all the necessary programs to get started, including the new fast MS Edge browser.
It is worth noting that Windows supports almost any games and programs, so there will definitely not be any problems installing the software.
ROSA is a Russian build of the open Linux OS. The standard kernel of the operating system was completely rewritten by the developers of the ROSA company. The goal of the project is to create a functional, free and convenient system that will suit any Russian-speaking user.
ROSA OS is a completely free system. There are no purchases within the OS itself either. The availability of the distribution contributed to the spread of the system not only among ordinary users, but also among large companies. As you know, ROSA is used both in units of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and in many private companies throughout the country.
Among the disadvantages of ROSA OS, one can highlight a small number of programs. Not all Windows software has analogues for the Linux kernel.
FreeBSD is an operating system that is designed to work with servers, and now regular desktop PCs. More than 30 years have passed since the first development of this system began. Today FreeBSD is a simple, reliable and convenient OS that will be a good replacement for the usual Windows.
To ensure security, FreeBSD uses all the necessary levels of protection: encryption mechanisms, authentication control, checking incoming and outgoing traffic, and regular monitoring of the system for the presence of malicious code.
Fedora is a Linux-like operating system that features free software. It should be noted that the drivers used may be closed source, and some types of software may have a limited license (for example, codecs for media playback).
Elementary OS is a fast and at the same time functional replacement for the usual Windows. The developers position the system as a simple environment for work, which logically follows from the name of the OS.
The system uses the Linux distribution kernel. Elementary OS is distributed free of charge and works on absolutely all computers, regardless of hardware components.
Overall, the system is great for home use. Such an OS is still not suitable for administering a server or creating a workstation. Elementary OS security is ensured by built-in Linux protection modules.
If you have a weak computer or want to install an additional “light” OS, feel free to choose Elementary OS.
Chrome OS is an open source operating system from Google. The main feature of the system is the use of a hybrid kernel (Linux kernel combined with Google services).
The OS is distributed completely free of charge, and its popularity among users is due to its fast operation and pleasant design.
At first glance, the Chrome OS interface resembles a combination of Android and Windows. Installed programs are placed in a separate menu, and the system is controlled using the toolbar, as in the Windows desktop.
Among the disadvantages of Chrome OS is the need for a constant connection to the Internet. It is advisable to use a Wi-Fi network or Ethernet connection. Otherwise, you will not be able to work with web services.
OpenSuse is another popular distribution that runs on the Linux kernel. Used to support both servers and home computers. New system firmware is released regularly; all release dates can be found on the developer’s website.
An OpenSuse user can independently customize the system. You don't need any programming skills to do this. Changing the interface consists of choosing the desktop environment you like. While most Linux builds can only work with one desktop environment, OpenSuse supports multiple styling utilities. The most popular of them are KDE and XFCE.
Ubuntu is a universal operating system that runs on the Debian GNU/Linux engine. The system works perfectly on servers, personal computers and laptops. The standard build comes with a desktop environment running Unity.
Ubuntu is distributed free of charge. As for the shortcomings of the system, we can highlight the lack of simple means of migration from the Windows OS. Also, Ubuntu lacks effective parental control utilities, so installing the distribution for family use is not recommended.
MacOS is a family of operating systems from Apple. At the moment, the most current build is Mac OS Sierra. Unlike the operating systems described above, Mac does not run on Unix-like systems, but using Apple’s native engine.
The system distribution is distributed free of charge.
Linux Mint is recognized as the best build for installation on user PCs. It satisfies all the requirements of the average user - it is distributed free of charge, is compatible with any hardware, efficiently consumes PC resources and has a user-friendly interface.
When choosing an operating system, first of all pay attention to the tasks you set for the software environment. Need a fast and secure OS for everyday use? Pay attention to Unix-like systems.
If you want a reliable OS with excellent graphics, we recommend choosing Mac OS. For lovers of the interface and functionality of mobile systems, you should start using Chrome OS.
The need to accelerate the development of the domestic software market, ensure maximum independence from foreign developments in the field of high technology and preserve information sovereignty was first discussed at the highest level in 2014, when US and EU sanctions sharply increased the risks associated with the use of foreign software in business and government organizations . It was then that the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation became seriously concerned about solving this strategically significant, in the opinion of officials, issue, along with stimulating demand for national products and developing appropriate measures to support domestic developers. As a result, restrictions on the admission of foreign software in state and municipal procurement, as well as rules for the formation and maintenance of a unified register of Russian programs, were approved at the legislative level in the shortest possible time. All this has had a positive impact on the software market in Russia, which has recently been replenished with many interesting projects and developments. Including in the field of operating systems.
"Alt Linux SPT" is a unified Linux-based distribution for servers, workstations and thin clients with built-in information security software, which can be used to build automated systems up to class 1B inclusive and personal data information systems (PDIS) up to class 1K inclusive. The OS allows you to simultaneously store and process confidential data on one personal computer or server, provide multi-user work with restricted access to information, work with virtual machines, and also use centralized authorization tools. The certificate issued by FSTEC of Russia confirms the product’s compliance with the requirements of the following governing documents: “Computer equipment. Protection against unauthorized access to information. Indicators of security against unauthorized access to information" - according to security class 4; "Protection against unauthorized access to information. Part 1. Information security software. Classification according to the level of absence of undeclared capabilities” - according to the 3rd level of control and technical conditions. Technical support for Alt Linux SPT users is provided by the Free Software and Technologies company through its partner developer Basalt SPO.
Developer: Basalt SPO company
The Viola platform is a set of enterprise-level Linux distributions that allow you to deploy corporate IT infrastructure of any scale. The platform includes three distributions. This is a universal “Viola Workstation”, which includes an operating system and a set of applications for full-fledged work. The second is the server distribution "Alt Server", which can act as an Active Directory domain controller and contains the most complete set of services and environments for creating a corporate infrastructure (DBMS, mail and web server, authentication tools, work group, virtual machine management and monitoring, and others tools). The third is “Alt Education 8”, focused on everyday use in planning, organizing and conducting the educational process in institutions of general, secondary and higher education. In addition, the Basalt SPO product series includes the above-mentioned certified Alt Linux SPT distribution kit and the Simply Linux operating system for home users.
Developer: National Center for Informatization (part of the Rostec state corporation)
A Russian project to create an ecosystem of software products based on the Linux distribution, designed for complex automation of workplaces and IT infrastructure of organizations and enterprises, including in data centers, on servers and client workstations. The platform is presented in the “OS.Office” and “OS.Server” versions. They differ in the sets of application software included in the distribution kit. The office edition of the product contains the operating system itself, information security tools, a package of programs for working with documents, an email client and a browser. The server version includes an operating system, information security tools, monitoring and system management tools, an email server and a DBMS. Potential users of the platform include federal and regional authorities, local governments, companies with state participation and state corporations. It is expected that the OSi-based ecosystem will in the near future become a full-fledged alternative to Western analogues.
Development of the research and production association "RusBITech", presented in two versions: Astra Linux Common Edition (general purpose) and Astra Linux Special Edition (special purpose). Features of the latest version of the OS: developed means of ensuring information security of processed data, a mechanism for mandatory access control and control of the closedness of the software environment, built-in tools for marking documents, recording events, monitoring data integrity, as well as other components that ensure information protection. According to the developers, Astra Linux Special Edition is the only software platform that is simultaneously certified in the information security certification systems of the FSTEC of Russia, the FSB, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and allows the processing of restricted access information containing components of state information in automated means of all ministries, departments and other institutions of the Russian Federation secret information classified no higher than “top secret”.
Developer: LLC "NTC IT ROSA"
The ROSA Linux operating system family includes an impressive set of solutions designed for home use (ROSA Fresh version) and use in a corporate environment (ROSA Enterprise Desktop), deployment of infrastructure IT services of an organization (ROSA Enterprise Linux Server), processing of confidential information and personal data ( ROSA "Cobalt"), as well as information constituting a state secret (ROSA "Chrome" and "Nickel"). The listed products are based on the developments of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Mandriva and CentOS with the inclusion of a large number of additional components - including original ones created by programmers of the scientific and technical center for information technologies "ROSA". In particular, OS distributions for the corporate market segment include virtualization tools, software for organizing backups, tools for building private clouds, as well as centralized management of network resources and data storage systems.
Developer: Calculate company
Calculate Linux is available in Desktop, Directory Server, Scratch, and Scratch Server editions and is designed with home users and SMBs in mind who prefer to use open source software instead of proprietary solutions. Platform features: full-fledged operation in heterogeneous networks, a mechanism for roaming user profiles, tools for centralized software deployment, ease of administration, the ability to install on portable USB drives and support for binary repositories of Gentoo updates. It is important that the development team is accessible and open to any comments, suggestions and wishes of the user audience, as evidenced by the huge number of ways to get involved in the Calculate Linux community and platform development.
Developer: Sergey Volkov
An operating system that is built on the freely distributed FreeBSD platform and contains the necessary set of application programs for home users and office tasks. According to the only OS developer Sergei Volkov, Ulyanovsk.BSD is fully adapted to the needs of Russian-speaking users. “Our assembly is as lightweight as possible and is ideal for use both on home computers and on workstations of employees of various organizations, as well as for use in educational institutions,” says the author of the project, without going into details of how exactly the product he compiled differs from the original. The credibility of the project is added not only by the presence of a commercially distributed distribution and paid technical support, but also by an entry in the Russian software registry. This means that the Ulyanovsk.BSD software platform can be legally used by government organizations as part of projects to introduce import-substituting technologies.
A certified and secure operating system that allows you to process information in accordance with Federal Law No. 152 “On Personal Data” and implement systems for processing restricted access information that is not related to state secrets. ICLinux includes remote administration tools, has a built-in firewall certified for compliance with the RD ME for security class 3, supports RDP, X-Windows System, SSH, Telnet, VNC, VPN, NX, ICA and other protocols. The platform’s assets also include compatibility with the authentication tools of the Aladdin R.D. company. and a modular architecture that allows you to flexibly customize the operating system to suit customer requirements.
Developer: ALFA Vision company
Another Linux clone, equipped with a user interface a la macOS with a set of familiar office applications and filled with deep philosophical meaning. No joke, on the developer’s website in the “About the Company” section, it says: “ The operating system is a special phenomenon, a point at which technological, aesthetic and humanitarian concepts converge. A peak that is visible from all sides. For it to shine and become what it should be, a wide variety of meaningful experiences are needed. And we have it" There is so much expression in these words, what a presentation of information! Agree, not everyone can present their product to a wide audience so expressively. Currently, Alpha OS is presented as a desktop version for x86-compatible systems. In the future, ALFA Vision intends to roll out mobile and server editions of the OS to the market, as well as a distribution kit for devices based on ARM processors.
A software platform developed specifically for computing systems with SPARC and Elbrus architecture. A special feature of the system is the radically redesigned Linux kernel, which has implemented special mechanisms for managing processes, virtual memory, interrupts, signals, synchronization, and support for tagged calculations. " We have done fundamental work to transform the Linux OS into an operating system that supports real-time operation, for which relevant optimizations have been implemented in the kernel. During real-time work, you can set various modes for processing external interrupts, scheduling calculations, exchanges with disk drives, and some others", explains the MCST company. In addition, a set of tools for protecting information from unauthorized access is built into the core of the Elbrus software platform, which allows you to use the OS to build automated systems that meet the highest information security requirements. The system also includes archiving, task scheduling, software development and other tools.
An operating system based on the Linux kernel, designed to ensure the security of processed data. "Red OS" complies with domestic information security requirements, has pre-configured configurations for each hardware architecture, uses GOST 34.11-2012 algorithms in the ssh and NX protocols, and also supports access control lists. In addition, the OS supports network authentication using plug-in authentication modules (PAM, Pluggable Authentication Modules) and includes a specialized distributed audit subsystem that allows you to monitor critical security events in the corporate network and provides the IT administrator with the necessary tools for prompt response to incidents IB.
Developer: Red Soft company
GosLinux OS was created specifically for the needs of the Federal Bailiff Service of the Russian Federation (FSSP of Russia) and is suitable for use in all government bodies, state extra-budgetary funds and local governments. The platform is built on the CentOS 6.4 distribution, which includes developments from Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The system is presented in two editions - for servers and workstations, contains a simplified graphical interface and a set of pre-configured information security tools. The OS developer is the Red Soft company, which won the competition in March 2013 for the development, implementation and maintenance of automated information systems of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia. In 2014, the system received a certificate of conformity from the FSTEC of Russia, confirming that GosLinux has an estimated trust level of OUD3 and complies with the requirements of the governing document of the State Technical Commission of the Russian Federation for the 4th level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The GosLinux OS distribution for government agencies is located in the national fund of algorithms and programs at nfap.minsvyaz.ru. Currently, the GosLinux platform is being actively deployed in all territorial bodies and divisions of the Federal Bailiff Service of Russia. The OS was also handed over for trial operation to representatives of the authorities of the Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd and Yaroslavl regions.
Developer: Almi LLC
Product website:
Another Linux build on our list that definitely doesn't suffer from a lack of praise from developers. " Unique, ideal, simple, combining the convenience of the Windows operating system, the stability of macOS and the security of Linux“- such phrases raising AlterOS to the skies are stitched up and down the official website of the product. What exactly is the uniqueness of the domestic platform is not stated on the site, but information is provided about three editions of the OS: AlterOS “Volga” for the public sector, AlterOS “Amur” for the corporate segment and AlterOS “Don” for servers. The system is reported to be compatible with many software solutions in demand in the business environment, including 1C and Consultant Plus, as well as domestic cryptographic protection tools (for example, CryptoPro). Special emphasis is placed on the absence in the version of the platform for government organizations of software that interacts with foreign servers - everything is done according to the canons of maximum import substitution, the developers say.
Developer: All-Russian Research Institute of Control Automation in the Non-Industrial Sphere named after. V.V. Solomatina (VNIINS)
A secure general-purpose operating system designed for building stationary and mobile secure automated systems in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Accepted for supply to the RF Armed Forces in 2002. WSWS is based on the Linux kernel and components, supplemented by discretionary, mandatory and role-based models for restricting access to information. The system operates on hardware platforms Intel (x86 and x86_64), SPARC (Elbrus-90micro), MIPS, PowerPC64, SPARC64 and is certified according to the information security requirements of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The security measures implemented in WSWS make it possible to create automated systems based on the platform that process information that constitutes a state secret and has a secrecy level of “SS” (top secret).
Developer: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Central Research Institute of Economics, Informatics and Control Systems" ("TsNII EISU", part of the "United Instrument-Making Corporation")
A family of software platforms based on the Linux kernel, which represent an alternative to foreign operating systems currently used in law enforcement agencies, the public sector and defense enterprises. The Zarya desktop operating system is compatible with most traditional office applications and programs. The Zarya-DPC server platform allows you to organize an application server or database server. To build data centers, it offers a standard set of server software, virtualization tools, as well as the ability to work on so-called “big hardware,” including mainframes. For embedded systems operating without human intervention, which must process information in real time, a special OS “Zarya RV” has been developed. The system corresponds to the third class of protection against unauthorized access and the second level of control over the absence of undeclared capabilities. The platform was developed by order of the Russian Ministry of Defense and is expected to be in demand by law enforcement agencies, the defense complex, as well as commercial structures working with state secrets and personal data.
Operating system for terminal stations. It is based on Linux and contains only the necessary set of tools for organizing workspaces using thin clients. All features beyond this scope are excluded from the distribution. Kraftway Terminal Linux supports many application-level network protocols (RDP, VNC, SSH, NX, XWindow, VMWare View PCoIP, etc.), allows you to configure access rights for forwarding USB media, provides the ability to use network and local printers, and contains configuration recovery tools OS during reboot, as well as tools for remote group management of terminal stations and administration of workstations. A special feature of the system is its high security. Kraftway Terminal Linux also supports user authentication hardware: eToken PRO and eToken PRO Java USB keys from Aladdin R.D. CJSC, as well as RuToken S and RuToken EDS from Active-Soft CJSC. The OS can be updated by the administrator via a local network or from a USB drive. It is possible to configure auto-update both from the customer’s local server and from the Kraftway server.
Developer: Andrey Kovalev
Another software platform for deploying workplaces in the IT infrastructure of an enterprise using inexpensive terminal solutions. The WTware distribution includes services for downloading over the network, tools for working with printers, barcode scanners and other peripheral equipment. COM and USB port redirection is supported, as well as smart card authentication. To connect to the terminal server, the RDP protocol is used, and to quickly resolve issues that arise when setting up the operating system, detailed documentation is included in the distribution kit. WTware is distributed under commercial terms and licensed by the number of workstations. The developer offers a free version of the OS for the Raspberry Pi minicomputer.
Developer: Kaspersky Lab
A secure operating system designed for use in critical infrastructures and devices. The Kaspersky Lab platform can be used in automated process control systems (APCS), telecommunications equipment, medical devices, cars and other gadgets from the world of the Internet of Things. The OS was created from scratch and, due to its architecture, guarantees a high level of information security. The basic operating principle of KasperskyOS comes down to the rule “everything that is not permitted is prohibited.” This eliminates the possibility of exploiting both already known vulnerabilities and those that will be discovered in the future. At the same time, all security policies, including prohibitions on performing certain processes and actions, are configured in accordance with the needs of the organization. The platform will be supplied as pre-installed software on various types of equipment used in industrial and corporate networks. Currently, Kaspersky Lab's secure OS is embedded in an L3 routing switch developed by Kraftway.
A real-time operating system (RTOS), written by AstroSoft programmers from scratch, without borrowing anyone else's code, and designed primarily for the Internet of Things and embedded devices. In addition, it is suitable for robotics, medical equipment, smart home and smart city systems, consumer electronics, etc. For the first time, the MAX real-time OS (the abbreviation stands for “multi-agent coherent system”) was demonstrated to a wide audience in January 2017. The platform not only implements all the classic functionality of products of this type, but also has a number of unique capabilities for organizing the interaction of many devices, making it possible to simplify the creation of mechanisms necessary in embedded systems: redundancy, hot-swappable equipment, etc. One of the features of MAX is support for shared memory at the device level. This mechanism ensures automatic synchronization of information between nodes of a distributed system, resistant to failures of individual components. RTOS "MAX" is included in the register of domestic software. In addition, the product is registered with the Federal Service for Intellectual Property (Rospatent) and is currently undergoing certification by the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control (FSTEC of Russia) for the fourth level of control of undeclared capabilities (NDV).
There are two approaches to creating Russian software. The first is to write the source code of products from scratch, entirely by domestic specialists. The second option involves the creation of national software based on the modification of borrowed source codes. This is precisely what Russian software companies working in the field of software import substitution adhere to. Our top 20 operating systems with the “Made in Russia” label are a clear confirmation of this. Whether this is good or bad is a big question, a subject for a separate discussion.
